IV.7. WORDS IN THEIR CONTEXT (PART 7/7): Neologisms, Sciences and Techniques.
- NEOLOGISMS DERIVED FROM EUROPEAN LANGUAGES (French, Portuguese, …)
Kikongo is a modern language that evolves in contact with other languages. Although Kikongo is a very rich language in itself, it is not impossible to hear in Kikongo conversations words that are derived from foreign words, mainly from the languages of the colonizers (French or Portuguese). Most of the words from Portuguese that were old-fashioned neologisms in contact with the first foreign language to impregnate Kikongo have already entered into everyday language, so we can quote words such as loso, meza, sabuni, manteka or our famous makayabu. As for French which is a language of recent colonization, the words derived from it are always considered neologisms. Below is a non-exhaustive list of words derived from French.
– aditikile : article
– adolasio : adoration
– akisio : action
– aleze : comfortable
– aliyansi: alliance
– alo-alo : phone
– alolo : then, so
– angeleza : English
– anivelisele : anniversary, birthday
– ankete : inquiry, investigation, survey
– ansambele : set
– antene : antenna
– anvutema : bewitchment
– apaleyi : apparatus, device
– apale : apart, aside
– apui : support
– asansele : lift, elevator
– asase : murderer, murderess, assassin
– atribi : attribute
– avanse : advance
– avantazi : advantage
– azi : age
– banki : bank
– base : basin
– baze : base
– bila : balance sheet
– bilete : bulletin, school report
– biye : banknote, bill, ticket / ball
– bizadi : weird, strange
– bombi : bomb
– boyikoti : boycott
– bule : blue / ball
– buluweti : wheelbarrow
– dakolo : Okay, all right
– dayele : moreover, by the way
– dega : damage
– demalazi : start-up
– demisio : resignation
– demokalasi : democracy
– depite : deputy
– dese : drawing
– desizio : decision
– dezele : desert
– dezole : sorry, apologize
– disiki : disc
– disipele : disciple
– djogo : football player
– dokima : document
– dokitrine : doctrine
– domene : domain, field, area
– doze : dose
– duluwa : right, law
– dusi : shower
– dute : doubt
– editazi : heritage, inheritance
– efe : effect
– ekilibele : balance, equilibrium
– ekizampele : example
– ekonomi : economy
– elema : element, part
– elite : elite
– empedialisite : imperialist
– entele : interest
– enzeniele : engineer
– epoke : time, era
– ero : hero
– esike : does it, is it
– esikolo : crook, swindler
– esikolokedi : swindle
– esipidi : spirit, mind
– eta : state
– etidi : study
– etidiya : student
– evele : work
– falamasi : pharmacy
– falanse : French
– fanatike : fanatic
– fenomene : phenomenon
– fikisio : fiction
– filime : film
– filozofi : philosophy
– fize : rocket
– fizike : physical, physics, gymnastics, sport
– folomazi : cheese
– galasi : ice
– galasia : grace
– gele : war
– gobele : cup
– gu : taste, flavour
– guvelenema : government
– idole : idol
– ilizio : illusion
– imazinasio : imagination
– imazinele : imaginary
– kaditie : district
– kalite : quality
– kalisime : charisma
– kameme : still, anyway, though
– kataloge : catalog
– kategodi : category
– kelekepale : somewhere
– kelekeswa : whatever
– kifanatike : fanaticism
– kilitile : culture
– kilometele : kilometre
– kokiye : shell
– kolabo : collaborateur, collaborator, collaborationist
– kolabolasio : collaboration
– kolezi : secondary school, high school
– kolo : colonist
– kolonizasio : colonization
– komine : commune
– kominikasio : communication
– kominike : communiqué, official-statement
– kominote : community
– kondisio : condition
– konesansi : knowledge
– konsekansi : consequence
– konsiansi : consciousness, conscience
– kontelele : opposite
– kontere : counter
– konze : holyday, vacation
– kopi : copy
– kote : side
– kubenefisia : to benefit
– kuboyikota : to boycott
– kudeboloda : to overflow
– kudekuvilile : to discover
– kudelanze : to disturb, to make uncomfortable, to worry, to torment
– kudemisiona : to resign
– kudesevuale : to disappoint
– kudesida : to decide
– kudesina : to draw
– kudeta : coup d’etat, putsch
– kudiye : mail
– kudomina : to dominate
– kuempoza : to impose
– kuenvoka : to invoke
– kuesikoloka : to swindle
– kufavoliza : to promote
– kufolosa : to force, to compel
– kufonda : to found, to invent, to imagine, to create from scratch
– kugania : to win
– kuhezita : to hesitate
– kukalaka : to crack up, to be seduced, to fall under the spell
– kukilika : to click
– kukipa : to take care of, to meddele with
– kukolabola : to collaborate
– kukoloniza : to colonize
– kukoluza : to correct
– kukominika : to communicate
– kukontamina : to contaminate
– kukoopela : to cooperate
– kukopia : to copy
– kula : current
– kulega : to bequeath, to leave
– kulekipela : to recover, to retrieve, to get back
– kuleva : to dream, to see
– kulezona : to reason, to think
– kuluse : race, running, shopping, course
– kuluwale : corridor
– kumanka : to miss, to disrespect
– kumenasa : to threaten
– kumetidiza : to control, to master
– kumobiliza : to mobilize
– kupalatika : to practise
– kupele : couple
– kupelefela : to prefer
– kupiya : to plunder, to loot
– kupolofita : to benefit, to make a profit, to enjoy
– kupolovoka : to provoke
– kusipolota : to support
– kusipoza : to suppose, to assume
– kusiviliza : to civilize
– kusuania : to treat, to take care of, to look after
– kusuweta : to wish
– kutaladuile : to translate
– kutemuania : to testify
– kutime : custom
– kuvadiya : to vary
– kuvida : to finish, to empty
– kuviola : to rape, to violate
– kuviza : to target, to aim, to throw
– kuvota : to vote, to elect
– kuvuayaze : to travel
– kuwokipe : to occupy
– kuwoze : to dare
– kuyimazine : to imagine
– kwe : coin
– labo : laboratory
– lavaze : pressing, dry cleaner’s
– lebele : rebel
– lebelio : rebellion
– lekeleyasio : recreation
– lekole : school
– lelasio : relation
– lelizio : religion
– lepelezanta : epresentative
– lesibiene : lesbian
– lesipe : respect
– leveye : awakening
– leyalite : reality
– lezilita : result
– lezo : network, reason
– lezo sosio : social networks
– limiele : light
– lisike : risk
– lisite : list
– lokatele : tenant, lessee, leaseholder, lodger, roomer
– lole : role, part
– madinielo : sailor
– madito : hammer
– mafia : mafia
– makadami : asphalt, asphalt road, asphalt highway
– malaleze : discomfort, uncomfortable
– malele : misfortune / unhappy, miserable
– malelezema : unfortunately
– maligele : despite, in spite of
– mantale : mental
– mantalite : mentality
– masakele : massacre
– masheti : machete
– mazodite : majority
– medese : doctor
– medesine : medicine
– media : media
– menase : threat
– mesaze : message
– metele : meter, master
– miliye : middle
– minisitele : ministry, departement / minister
– misile : missile
– misio : mission
– misionele : missionary
– motele : motor, engine
– nasionalite : nationality
– natile : nature
– natilele : natural
– odiyo : audio
– okazio : opportunity
– okipa : occupant
– okipasio : occupation
– okipe ! : busy !
– oloke : whereas
– opozisio : opposition
– oseya : ocean
– otolute : motorway, freeway, highway
– palafo : ceiling
– palake : parquet, flooring, court, public prosecutor
– palaneti : planet
– palasi : place, seat
– palatike : practice
– pale : palace, house, home, domicile
– patolo : boss
– pede : pederast, homosexual
– pediyodi : period, menses
– pele : ready, close
– peleno : first name, forename
– pelensi : tarmac road, asphalt road used as an avenue or boulevard
– peleseke : almost
– pelesingi : pressing, dry cleaner’s
– pelesio : pressure
– pelezida : president
– pepele : people
– peye : pay
– pibilisite : publicity, advertising
– pine : tyre
– pisikolozi : psychology
– pisikolozike : psychological
– poligami : polygamy
– politike : politics, lie
– polodui : product
– polofesi : prophecy
– pologele : progress
– polomosio : promotion
– polopagandi : propaganda
– poloti : door
– polovensi : province
– poloze : project
– pompi : pump
– popilasio : population
– posita : post, station, position
– pua : weight, support
– puazo : poison
– pulukua : why
– puvuale : power
– rasi : race
– risike : risk
– rite : rite
– sakidifise : sacrifice
– salele : salary, wage
– santima : feeling
– santimetele : centimeter
– sanzefe : no effect, without effect
– seke : cheque, check
– sekie : cheque book, checkbook
– sekise : sex, gender
– sekite : sect
– sekitele : district, sector
– seli : series
– selo : according to
– sembole : symbol
– sene : scene
– seniele : lord
– shansi : chance, luck
– shedevele : masterpiece
– shefi : head, chief, leader
– sheri : darling
– shwa : choice
– siansi : science
– siditu : especially
– siekele : century
– sikaliye : stairs, stairway, staircase
– sile : sure
– sindima : cinema
– sinifikasio : meaning
– sipozisio : supposition, assumption
– sitare : star
– sitiwasio : situation
– situaye : citizen
– sivilizasio : civilization
– size : subject
– somisi : shirt
– sosiale : social
– sosiete : society, company
– solisio : solution
– suadiza : so-called, supposedly
– sudi : South
– suiti : continuation
– sulazema : relief
– susi : worry, concern
– suvetema : underwear, undergarment
– tedituale : territoiry
– tekinike : technical, technique
– tekinolozi : technology
– telefone : phone, telephone
– televizio : television
– telolisite : terrorist
– temuaniazi : testimony, witness
– temue : witness
– teyatele : theater
– tidibinale : tribunal, court
– titele : title
– tolo : too much
– tomisone : common name for fish
– tulu : turn, tower, tour
– valele : value
– velema : really
– vi : life
– vide : empty, emptiness, void
– videyo : video
– vilaze : village
– vitesi : speed, rate, velocity
– vizavi : opposite, vis-à-vis
– voti : vote, election
– vuatidi : car
– vuaze : neighbour
– wese : toilet
– wesiti : West
– yimazinasio : imagination
– zame : never
– zandalame : gendarme
– zela : manager
- TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC TERMS.
– biditezi / mbiditezi : multimeter
– buta bua duya : nuclear weapon
– difekani : machine, apparatus, vehicle
– dikelazi : rocket
– Dikulunsi : Earth (planet)
– dingundu (mangundu) : shell, bomb, explosive, dynamite
– (di)pitivia : oil
– ditenda : gun
– ditosi (matosi) : period, colon, semicolon / parenthesis
– ditozoni : proton
– divangilu : industry
– divangilu dia nzaziki : electrical industry
– divangilu dia mpatu : agricultural industry
– divangilu dia ndengini : mechanical engineering industry
– divangilu dia kemizi : chemical industry
– divangilu dia nzazoni : electronics industry
– divangilu dia pituvia : oil industry
– divangilu dia ngeli : atomic industry
– divangilu dia kitamina : space industry
– divangilu dia bilongo : pharmaceutical industry
– diwezulu : cosmos, outer space
– duya : nucleus
– duyani : nucleon
– Hangia : Mercury (planet, god)
– Kavita : Mars (planet, god)
– Kazayu : Venus (planet, god)
– kemizi : chemistry
– kiangioka kia duya : nuclear fuel
– kiduelo : figure, number, numeral
– kidufuki : explosive
– kiduya : nuclear science
– kiduyani : nucleonics
– kikokoni : instrument operator, device operator
– kilamateza : geometry, measurement of lengths
– kilamivovi : phone
– kilamizidi : television
– Kimbenza : Saturn (planet, god)
– kimbunda : syllable
– kingeziki : engineering
– kinguzisala : radioactivity
– kiningisa (biningisa) : vowel
– kiniosi : diagram, graph
– kinkunkidi : set
– kintumba : verticality
– kisele : material
– kisiteko : obliqueness
– kitamina : space, universe
– kituimbi : missile
– kitumosu : consonant, letter
– kivuelaka dia duya : nuclear power plant
– kiwadu : cosmos, universe
– kiwangi : architecture
– kiwisuku : energetics
– kiwuti / kipoke : gene, genetics
– kiyalu : horizontality
– Kizaka : Jupiter (planet, god)
– latituda (malatituda) : latitude
– longituda (malongituda) : longitude
– Lukazi : Uranus (planet, god)
– mahanza : universe
– mbenitu : antibody
– mbewi / mbewuti / mbepoke : antigen
– mpila za kilamateza : geometric shapes
– muduya : nuclear specialist
– muwangi : architect
– mvangilusi : manufacturer, industrialist
– mvanzakisi : investor, financier
– ndufuka : explosion
– Nengilu / Kingilu : Pluto (planet, god)
– Neputu : Neptune (planet, god)
– ngaduya / mungaduya : specialist in nuclear science
– ngangeli / mungangeli : specialist in atomic science
– ngeli : atom
– ngezi(ki) : engineer
– ngolo za duya : nuclear power
– Ngosua : Twelfth planet in the solar system
– nguzi : radio-receiver
– nlonga wa kintumba : vertical line
– nlonga wa kisiteko : oblique line
– nlonga wa kiyalu : horizontal line
– nlonga wa lukumba : curved line, arched line
– nsienika : irradiation
– Ntasua : Eleventh planet in the solar system
– nto ya nguzisala : radioactive source
– Ntoto : Earth, men’s earth
– Nukaga : Tenth planet in the solar system
– Nza Lowa : solar system
– nzata duya : nuclear reaction
– nzaza : vehicle, ship, vessel
– nzazazulu : spacecraft, spaceship
– nzaziki : electricity
– nzazila : vibration
– nzazoni : electronics
– pituvia : oil, petroleum
– sensebele : superface area
– tezi : measurement unit
– tezo / (lu)dezo : precision
– tiyatezi : thermometer
– wisu wa duya : nuclear energy
– wisu wa kemizi : chemical energy
– wisu wa mbazu : caloric energy
– wisu wa moya/moyo : vital energy
– wisu wa ngeli : atomic energy
– wisu wa ntemo : light energy
– wisu wa nzaziki : electrical energy
– wisu wa nzazila : vibrational energy
– yayisu : intersection
